Retropharyngeal abscess
Definition
Retropharyngeal abscess is a collection of pus in the tissues in the back of the throat. It is a potentially life-threatening medical condition.
See also: Peritonsillar abscess
Causes
Retropharyngeal abscess generally affects children under age 5. Infected material (pus) builds up in the space around the tissues at the back of the throat. This can occur during or immediately following a throat infection.
Symptoms
- Recent sore throat or infected nose or teeth
- High fever
- Severe throat pain
- Difficulty swallowing
- Drooling
- Breathing difficulty
- Intercostal retractions (the muscles between the ribs pull in when breathing)
- Stridor (a high-pitched sound when inhaling)
Exams and Tests
The health care provider will perform a physical examine and look inside the throat. The doctor or nurse may gently rub the back of the throat with a cotton swab, so that a sample of tissue can be more closely examined. This is called a throat culture.
A complete blood count may be done to check for signs of infection. An x-ray or CT scan of the neck may show pus in the space between throat and neck.
Treatment
Surgery is needed to drain the infected area. High-dose intravenous antibiotics are used to treat the infection.
The airway will be protected so that it does not become completely blocked by the swelling.
Outlook (Prognosis)
It is important to get immediate medical help. This condition can lead to blockage of the airway, which can be life threatening. With prompt treatment, a patient can make a full recovery.
Possible Complications
This list may not include all types of complications.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if you or your child develop a high fever with severe throat pain.
Seek immediate medical help if there breathing difficulty, intercostal retractions, and stridor.
Prevention
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis or upper respiratory infections will generally prevent retropharyngeal abscess.
References
Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo; Mosby; 2005:4365-4367.
Marx J. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2006:1120-1121.
Reviewed By: Alden J. Pearl, M.D., Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
